INTRODUCTION TO BLOCK MAKING (BLOCK MAKING PROCESS

INTRODUCTION TO BLOCK MAKING

A concrete block is primarily used as a building material in the construction of walls, it is sometime called a concrete masonry unit (CMU). A concrete is one of several precast concrete products used in construction. The term precast refers to the fact that blocks are formed and hardened before they are brought to the job site.

Most concrete blocks have one or more hollow cavity, and their sides may be cast smooth or with a design. In use, concrete blocks are stacked one at a time and held together with fresh concrete mortar to form the desired and height of the wall.

Raw Materials

The concrete commonly used to make concrete block is a mixture of powered Portland cement, water sand and gravel. This produces a light gray block with a fine surface texture and high compressive strength.

A typical concrete block weighs 38-431b (17 z-19 5kg). in general the concrete mixture used for blocks has a higher percentage of sand and a lower percentage of gravel and water that the general construction purposes. This produces a very dry, stiff mixture that holds its shape when it is removed from the mold

Manufacturing process

The production of concrete blocks consist of four basic processes. Mixing, Molding, Curing, and Cubing. Some manufacturing

Some manufacturing plants produce only concrete blocks, while other may produce wide variety of precast blocks flat paver stones and decorative landscaping pieces. Such as lawn edging. Some plant are capable of producing 2,000 or more blocks per hour.

The following steps are commonly used to manufacture concrete blocks.

Mixing

• The sand and gravel are stored outside in piles. And are transferred into storage bins in the plant by a conveyor bet as they are needed. The Portland cement is stored outside in large vertical silos to protect it from moisture.
• As a production run starts, the required amount of cement are transferred by gravity or by mechanical means to weigh batcher which measures the proper amount of each materials.
• The dry materials then flow into a stationery mixer where they are blended together for several minute there are two are types of mixer commonly used. They are blade mixer planetary or pan mixer
• After the day, materials are blended a small amount of water is aided to the mixed. If the plant is location water may first pass through a heater or chiller to required its temperature.

Moldings

• Once the load of concrete is thoroughly mixed it is dumped into an incline bucket conveyor and transported to an elevated hopper. The mixing cycle begins again for the next load.
• From the hopper the concrete is conveyed to another hopper on top of the machine at a measured flow rate.
• When the molds are full, the concrete is compacted by the weight of the upper mold head coming down on the mold cavities.
• The compacted blocks are pushed down and out of the molds onto a flat steel pallet. The pallet and blocks are pushed out if the machine and onto a chain conveyor.

Curing

• The pallets of blocks are conveyed to an automated stacker or loader which places them in a curing rack.
• The kiln is an enclosed room with the capacity to hold several racks of block at a time.

Cubing

• The racks of cured blocks are rolled out of the kiln and the pallet of block are stacked and placed on a chain conveyor.
• If the blocks are to be makes into split face block they are first molded as two blocks joined together.
• The block pass through a cube which aligns each block and their stacks them into a cube three block across by six blocks deep by three or four blocks high. These cubes are carried outside with a forklift and place in storage.

Quality Control

The manufactured of concrete blocks required constant monitoring to produce blocks that have the required properties. The raw materials are weighed electronically before they are places into the mixer

CONCRETE

Concrete is defined as a conglomerate stone of Portland cement and various grades of rock and various grades of rock and sand mixed with water.

MIXING AND CASTING OF CONCRETE COUNTERTOP

Mixing and casting the concrete may seem like the simple part. Dump the ingredients in the mixer and then dump the concrete in the form right. Here are some tips to make sure the pour goes and make the life carriers in the subsequent steps:

CONCRETE CASTING

Casting concrete into rubber molds let you make perfect copies of any original every time. Mold rubber can often be applied tight at the job site. They can be brushed on. Poured or sprayed onto a model. Urethane rubber mold cure overnight and last in production

INTRODUCTION TO PALLET

A Pallet is a platform on which goods can be stacked store and moves. A flat wooden blade with a handle used to shape clay or plaster. A projection on a machine part, serving to change the mode of motion of a wheel.The diminutives of the pale a narrow vertical strip usually borne in groups of two or three.

A pallet sometimes inaccurately called a skid (a skid has no bottom deck boards). Is a flat transport structure that supports goods in a stable fashion. A pallet is handing and storage efficiencies.

Most pallet are wooden pallet can also be made of plastic, metal paper and recycled materials each materials has advantages and disadvantages relatives to the others pallet make it easier to move heavy stacks.

Block pallet are typical stranger than strings pallet. Block pallets utilize both parallel perpendicular stringes to better facilitate efficient handling. A Block pallet is also known as a four-way pallet single a pallet jack may be used from any side to move it.

CONCRETE RING PRODUCTION

Concrete ring production is the systematic way of producing a concrete ring. Concrete ring are ring use in casting a well. This can be done through mixer mixing by mixer together of sand cement