Cognitive Development Of Infants and Toddlers

Language Development

PRE-LINGUISTIC PERIOD

During the prelinguistic period, before children actually verbalize, they seem to understand far more than they can express. Even newborns come to recognize their mother’s voice. Moreover, even very young infants can perceive the sounds of human speech phonetically. They demonstrate categorical perception of consonants and can perceive different vowels. Crying is the first major sound uttered by the newborn. Cooing begin about two months of age. It consists of squeals, gurgles or vowel-like sounds or short duration such as “ahh”. Babbling begins at about 6 months of age. Babbling is one syllable word like mama. Most babbling is sounds without meaning.

FIRST SPOKEN WORDS

At about 10 months of age, infants use holophrases, which are single words that convey different meanings, depending on the context in which they are used.

Just the guardians comprehend what the kid is stating. By 12 months of age, most talking 1 or 2 words that are language. ” Mama” or ” dada” might be first talked. By year and a half, the normal little child knows 3-50 words, generally naming articles “auto”; creatures “canine”; terms of attire “shoe”; a part of the body-“eye”; or an essential individual “mom”. Activity words, for example, “bye-bye”; descriptor, for example, “hot”. The quantity of new words that youngsters learn depends a ton on to the degree of parent-tyke connection. Word cognizance increment drastically amid the second year of life.

The tendency of adults to adjust their speech when talking to children is called motherese- baby talk that adults use in speaking to infants.

TWO WORD UTTERANCES

The two-word utterances usually begin when children begin to combine words to express ideas that they want to communicate with others: “Lander cry”, “milk went”, mama bye-bye”. These expressions indicate knowledge of the subject-predicate order. Two-word utterances represent attempts of children to express themselves through their own unique language.

Children begin to use hundreds of two-word utterances expressing different meanings.

TELEGRAPH SPEECH

Broadcast discourse comprises of two, three or a few word articulations that pass on significance yet bar any pointless words, for example, articles, conjunction, relational words or different connectives.