Curtis, Helena. Biology. New York: Worth

Publishers, 1989.

Futuyma, Douglas J. Evolutionary Biology.

Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, 1998.

Gould, James L., and William T. Keeton, with

Carol Grant Gould. Biological Science,6th ed.

New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1996.

Patterson, Colin. Evolution, 2nd ed. Ithaca, NY:

Comstock,…[Read more]

The discovery of large amounts of genetic

variation in nearly all populations led to the

formulation of a different question: How is

genetic variation maintained? In many cases,

after all, natural selection removes genetic

variation by eliminating genotypes that are less

fit.

Many factors act to increase or maintain the

amount of genetic…[Read more]

In the 1960s there was considerable debate

regarding how much genetic variation actually

exists in populations. The common view was

that polymorphic loci are fairly rare. Then, the

development of the technique of gel

electrophoresis allowed biologists to examine

patterns of protein variation across

populations and to quantify genetic…[Read more]

kidneys are very important organs in our body because it filters the waste products from our body and gives us a toxin free healthy body. So we should take care of our theses important organs. If it stops performing normally, we starts developing a lot of health issues even reach to death.

When our kidneys are in problem, our body start showing…[Read more]